What defines observational learning in behavioral terms?

Observational learning is defined as the acquisition of new behaviors through the observation of others. This process is central to understanding how individuals can learn and develop skills without direct experience or instructional teaching. Instead of relying on traditional methods of learning, where a person must physically practice a behavior or receive direct guidance, observational learning emphasizes the role of watching and imitating others, often referred to as models.

This learning is particularly prevalent in social contexts, where individuals can observe the actions and outcomes of others' behaviors, leading them to adapt those behaviors in their own lives. This is significant in educational settings and therapeutic practices, where modeling positive behaviors can effectively influence learners or clients by providing them with examples of desired actions.

In contrast, the other options focus on different forms of learning that do not encompass the key element of observation. For instance, learning through direct instruction emphasizes formal teaching rather than observational methods. Learning that requires physical practice places an emphasis on hands-on engagement but overlooks the observational aspect. Lastly, a method relying solely on self-assessment does not engage the observation of others, which is a crucial component of learning in many contexts.